• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The machine (1) for processing a mat (4) of stems (2) of fibrous plants, comprises means (5,6) for clamping and displacing the mat (4) and a means for brushing, which is positioned so that a portion of the mat is brushed approximately in transverse arrangement from the clamped portion to the free end of the stems (2). The means for brushing comprises a group (7) of elemental brushes (8), each comprising a flat holder (10) in which the hairs (9) are arranged. Preferably, the means for brushing consists of at least two opposing installations (7.7 ') elemental brushes (8.8'). (figure 1).
    公开号:BE1017993A3
    申请号:E2007/0321
    申请日:2007-06-28
    公开日:2010-03-02
    发明作者:
    申请人:Depoortere Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PROCESSING MACHINE FOR BRUSHING A MAT OF STEMS OF FIBERY PLANTS, mainly FLAX
    The present invention relates to the mechanical processing, by brushing, of a mat of stems of fibrous plants, mainly flax, for the purpose of removing the flower heads and seed pods present on the stems, the pebbles and other foreign objects that are present inside the mat and improve the parallel arrangement of the stems in the mat.
    This mechanical processing of the fibrous plant stems involves a repelling process that precedes scoring, which is aimed at removing the fibers from the stems and removing the loams.
    Hand repairs, which were carried out with the aid of a metal comb where the distance between the teeth is smaller than the size of the seed pods, was gradually mechanized. The stems are arranged in windrows into a continuous mat of parallel stems, the direction of the stems being approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the mat is moved. The stems are clamped by mechanical means, for example by a number of continuous conveyor belts, each conveyor belt being tensioned between two cable disks. A comb following another movement is moved by the mat from the clamping zone to the ends of the stems, whereby the seed pods attached to the aforementioned stems are peeled. The displacement of the comb improves the parallel arrangement of the stems.
    In order to improve the productivity of the installation, the power of the repelling machine is generally increased, whereby ever thicker mats are processed. However, it is often found that the arrangement of stems is disturbed. This can lead to blockage only of the action of the comb or to jerking off, not only the seed pods, but also the stems, individually or in bundles, and to breakage of some of the stems.
    When the stems are torn off, they end up in the technical circuit reserved for the seeds, requiring special sorting machines to separate the torn stalks and the seeds. In addition, the torn stalks end up in the waste or by-products after sorting, which means a direct loss and is detrimental to the profitability of the installation.
    To overcome these disadvantages, a mechanical processing process of a mat of stems of fibrous plants, mainly flax, has been proposed which consists of combing the entire mat or part of it too forcefully in the transverse direction, from the part that is clamped to the end of the stems. Such a method, which is set out in document FR.2.676.754, is preferably applied with the aid of a machine equipped with two rotating brushes, with hard hairs which are on both sides of the surface of the mat and which are simultaneously over move its two sides.
    This document provides that the distance between the axes of rotation of the two brushes can be a few millimeters to different centimeters smaller than the sum of the outer rays of the two brushes so that there is interpenetration of the hairs of the two brushes, so that both brushes act simultaneously on a rectangular area of the mat.
    For a maximum length of the stems to be processed, it is necessary that the axis of rotation of the brushes be inclined with respect to the general direction of the mat, with the downstream portion being closer to the clamping zone.
    By way of example, the diameter of the brushes in the document FR.2.676.754 is approximately 50 cm and the length of the brushes approximately 2 m, at a moving speed of the mat from 15 to 20 m / mn. This installation therefore takes up a lot of space.
    With such an installation, it is necessary that a certain portion of a stem should not be brushed too volatile so that the interpenetration zone of the brush hairs is as large as possible, which leads to an increase in the diameter of each brush. Such an increase in diameter has disadvantages. First of all, this enlargement of the diameter and thus of the space occupied makes it difficult or even impossible to perform the brushing in the immediate vicinity of the clamping zone. Moreover, since the bristles of the brushes are placed radially on the axis of rotation of the brushes, it is not possible to use bristles with a high density for large-diameter brushes with a large interpenetration of the bristles. However, this density may be desirable on the one hand to increase the efficiency of brushing and on the other hand to reduce the risk of gradual clogging by floating fibers or foreign objects during brushing.
    It should be noted that a large interpenetration of the hairs, which is sought to increase the effective duration of brushing, leads to an increase in the risk of clogging because the rotating action of the hairs of a given brush tends to have floating stems and allowing foreign objects to penetrate the inside of the whole of hair from the other brush. The greater this interpenetration, the deeper the floating stems and foreign bodies penetrate, where the density of the hairs is greater, with a risk of incrustation and therefore clogging of the brush.
    There is also a document GB 484,485 which relates to a processing machine for brushing a mat of stems of a fibrous plant. With this machine an installation of elemental brushes can be used, with each brush having a holder on which the hairs are implanted. The holders are mounted on a continuous element that moves approximately in the transverse direction so that the stems are brushed over their entire length. This continuous element is of a type of conveyor belt that is tensioned between two cable discs. According to document GB 484,485, the elemental brushes comprise a number of rubber hairs that are embedded in the conveyor that serves as a holder. With these brushes, distortion of the hair occurs with vigorous brushing, namely with the presence of knots that can occur in the stems of the mat.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a solution for all or part of the disadvantages described above and which occur with the machines from documents FR.2.676.754 and GB.484.485.
    The machine of the present invention is a processing machine for brushing a mat of stems of fibrous plants, mainly flax, which comprises the following in the known manner: means for clamping and displacing the mat and a means for brushing which be positioned so that the entire mat or part thereof is brushed approximately transversely from the clamped portion toward the free end of the stems. The means for brushing comprises at least an installation of elemental brushes. These elemental brushes are mounted on a continuous element which moves approximately in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the movement of the mat.
    This continuous element is a conveyor belt that is stretched over at least two cable pulleys.
    Typically, each elemental brush comprises a flat holder in which the hairs are arranged, the flat holders of all elemental brushes being mounted in an approximately continuous manner. Each elemental brush is fixed to the conveyor belt with, preferably removable, fastening means, which are capable of holding the flat holders against the conveyor belt as it passes the cable disks.
    Thus, according to the present invention, any elemental brush moving approximately in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the movement of the mat acts along the entire length of this mat, from the clamped portion to the ends of the stems.
    In the present text, the term "hair" is commonly used to refer to the hair of a "brush." The term encompasses a whole series of possible variants: from a single wire made from relatively flexible plastic to a relatively rigid metal pin. The rigidity ensures that the mat is brushed better, especially in the presence of knots in the stems. A certain rigidity of the holder is required for this, because otherwise the tape will be deformed as it passes the cable discs. This problem is solved by the fixing means of the brushes on the conveyor belt.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the hairs are bundled in the corresponding flat holder. Therefore, each flat holder of an elemental brush can have a number of openings in which the bundles of hairs are arranged. The density of the hairs of each elemental brush can be adjusted by the number of hairs per bundle and the number of openings in each holder.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the continuous element is equipped with different types of hair, which differ in their structure (different diameters or cross-sections), their composition (use of different materials) and / or degree of flexibility, for example single plastic wires and metal pins. Due to this specific characteristic, a more or less powerful effect can be obtained by the same movement of the continuous element. The use of metal pins, for example, is aimed at detangling the stems, removing impurities or removing seed pods, these are the pieces on the ends of the stems that support the flower heads and which, since they do not contain fibers, are of no use for spinning.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the hairs and / or bundles of hairs are bent backwards relative to the direction of brushing. The purpose of this bending is to ensure that knots that can occur between the stems pass easily and to limit the adhesion of the floating fibers to the hairs of the elemental brushes.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the continuous element is a conveyor belt which is at least tensioned between two cable disks, each elemental brush being fixed to this belt with, preferably removable, fixing means. The axis of rotation of the two cable disks, between which the band is formed which forms the continuous element, naturally runs parallel or approximately parallel to the direction of movement of the mat.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the flat holder of each elemental brush is a rigid block, namely of plastic, with the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
    The diameter of the cable disks on which the conveyor belt is tensioned and the length of each block are preferably determined so that at least four blocks are spread over the semicircular portion of the belt around the aforementioned cable disks. This specific placement is aimed at avoiding too large a gap between the blocks during the rotation of the belt over the cable discs, because foreign objects, boulders or something else could end up in this opening, which could damage the machine.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the ratio is preferably VI = V0.L1 / L0, where VO is the moving speed of the mat, VI is the moving speed of the elemental brushes, LO is the length of the elemental brush and L1 is the average brush length of the stems, between the clamped part and the free ends. When this ratio is met, the mat moves along the length of an elemental brush in the time required for such a brush to fully travel the average brush length. Productivity is therefore optimal in these circumstances.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the means for brushing comprise at least two installations of elemental brushes, which are placed opposite each other so that the same mat is brushed on both sides simultaneously. In this case, wherein these two installations of elemental brushes are mounted on two frames, the machine can be equipped with adjusting means for the distance between the two aforementioned frames. This makes it possible to adjust the position of the hairs of the elemental brushes, depending on the thickness of the mat, so that the mat is brushed over the entire thickness, possibly with a slight interpenetration of the hairs of the elemental brushes of the two installations. . According to an alternative embodiment, the machine comprises various installations of elemental brushes arranged successively along the movement of the mat, these installations showing a number of differences in structure or operation. This allows the mat to be processed sequentially in a number of ways, whereby the type of hair, the density of the hair, the speed of brushing, etc. varies.
    The present invention will be better understood after reading the description given of an example of a preferred embodiment of a processing machine for brushing a mat of flax stems comprising two installations of elemental brushes placed opposite each other so that the same mat is brushed on both sides, which is shown in the attached drawing where:
    Figure 1 is a very schematic representation, in side view, of the machine,
    Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the two installations of elemental brushes,
    Figure 3 is a very schematic representation, in top view, of the machine in Figure 1. The machine 1 is primarily intended for the repairs 2 of the flax stems. The purpose of repelling is to remove the seeds 3 located at the ends 2a of the stems 2 corresponding to the tops of the plant. Flower heads can also be removed during repiling. In addition, the parallel arrangement of the stems 2 that form an approximately continuous mat 4 is improved.
    The machine 1 comprises means for clamping and displacing the mat 4, which are formed by two conveyor belts 5, 6 moving in the direction of the arrow F (Figure 3), the aforementioned mat 4 being clamped between these two conveyor belts 5.6.
    The repelling consists of brushing the mat 4 over approximately the full length of the stems 2 between the clamping zone 2b and the ends of the stems 2a; this brushing thus takes place approximately in the transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction F of the movement of the mat 4.
    According to the present invention, the means for brushing comprises at least an installation 7 of elemental brushes 8. Each elemental brush 8 comprises hairs 9 which are embedded in a flat holder 10. The flat holders 10 of each elemental brush 8 of the installation 7 are mounted on a belt 11 which moves in the direction of the arrow G, approximately in the transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction F of the movement of the mat 4. This mounting, in the illustrated example, it is performed approximately in a continuous manner, but this is not strictly necessary; it would be possible to place on the belt 11 only a few elemental brushes with a lot of space in between, especially if the brushes are equipped with metal pins.
    In the exemplary embodiment illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, there is not a single installation 7, but there are two installations 7, 7 'placed opposite each other so that the mat 4 is brushed on both sides at the same time. However, this is not exclusive to the present invention. The brushing of the mat can be done on one side over the entire thickness, the side of the mat on the other side of the elemental brushes lying on a support plate. The embodiment described below is, however, preferred because this results in a more uniform processing of the mat over the entire thickness, based on the two sides.
    The belt 11 on which the flat holders 10 of the elemental brushes 8 are mounted is a continuous belt that is tensioned between two cable disks 12 whose rotational axes 13 are placed in the longitudinal direction, in the same direction as the arrow F.
    Each elemental brush 8 is attached to the belt 10 in a demountable manner so that defective or worn-out brushes can be replaced if necessary.
    In the illustrated example, each flat holder 10 is a plastic block in the form of a parallelepiped, pierced with holes in which the hairs 9 are arranged, preferably in the form of bundles of hairs. It is possible to use the same type of hair for the entire brushing agent. But it is also possible to use different types of hair, with a different structure, composition and / or degree of flexibility. They can be single plastic wires with different diameters, for example single wires made of propylene. Satisfactory results were achieved with single wires with an average diameter of 0.7 to 2 mm. They can also be metal pins. A given elemental brush can be equipped with hairs of the same type or possibly with hairs of a number of different types.
    Each flat holder 10 has a width lo and a length lo. The attachment thereof to the tape 10 takes place approximately along a diameter 14 so that an excessive deformation of the tape 11 is avoided when this tape passes the cable discs 12 at the ends. When the belt 11 passes by, it acquires a semicircular structure and the flat holders 10 continue to lie against this belt, along the attachment line 14, as can be seen in Figure 1.
    Preferably, in the succession of the elemental brushes 8, the flat holders 10 are close to each other, so that a large gap 15 between the adjacent flat holders 10 is avoided when they pass by the cable discs at the ends 12, so that a possible penetration of foreign objects in this opening 15 is avoided, this penetration could cause the perfect alignment of the elemental brushes 8 to become distorted and cause processing errors, or to damage the machine 1 during the continuous operation. Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, there are four flat holders 10, distributed over the semicircular portion of the band 11, when passing over a cable disk 12.
    In figure 1 the two groups 7, 7 'of elemental brushes 8, 8' and the mat 4 are placed horizontally, the distance between the two aforementioned groups 7, 7 'being determined so that the top 4a of the mat 4 has direct contact with the hairs 9 of the elemental brushes 8 of the first installation 7 and the underside 4b of the mat 4 has direct contact with the hairs 9 'of the elemental brushes 8' of the second, lower installation 7 '.
    The cable disc 12 of the upper installation 7 rotates counterclockwise, according to the arrow G, while the cable disc 12 'of the lower installation 7' rotates in the opposite direction, i.e. clockwise, according to the arrow G '. Thus, the two sides 4a, 4b of the mat 4 are brushed in the same direction from the vessel clamping zone 2b of the fibers 2 to the free ends 2a.
    When studying Figure 3, it becomes clear that each elemental brush 8 moves during the rotation of the cable disks 12, along the full brush length L1, while the mat 4 moves, carried by the conveyor belts 5, 6.
    If it is stated that the speed of the conveyor belts 5, 6 is VO and that VI is the displacement speed according to the arrows G, G 'of the elemental brushes 8, 8', the ratio V1 / V0 is preferably at least equal to the ratio L1 / L0, where L1 is the average brush length of the stems and LO is the spring of an elemental brush. If VI / VO is smaller than L1 / L0, each brush would only act on a limited part of the length of each stem. When all elemental brushes 8 are equipped with the same type of hair 9, this only results in the brushing being done less well. However, if the elemental brushes are equipped with hairs that are different for each brush, this results in uneven treatment along the length of the mat. Specifically, it may be desirable for one or more elemental brushes 8 to be equipped with metal pins while the other elemental brushes are equipped with hairs formed by rigid plastic wires, the metal pins having a more powerful effect on the removal of foreign objects and the parallel settlement. In this case it is especially important that, if there is only an elemental brush equipped with metal pins, this brush acts on the full brush length L1 of the stems 2 while the mat 4 traverses the length LO of the machine 1. As shown in Figure 1, the hairs and / or bundles of hairs are preferably bent backwards with respect to the direction G, G 'of the brushing. This bending, which can be between 5 and 15 °, is aimed at reducing the aggressiveness of the brushing, which in particular facilitates the passing of the knots that may exist between the different stems of the mat and also to secure floating fibers in the hairs of the basic brushes.
    The machine 1 can have adjusting means, not shown, for controlling the distance between the two installations 7, 7 ', for controlling the distance between the hairs 9, 9' of the elemental brushes 8, 8 ' the opposite sides 4a, 4b of the mat 4 act. It is not strictly necessary that there is interpenetration of the hairs between themselves. However, it is important that the hairs 9, 9 'penetrate the full thickness of the mat. In figure 1 the elemental brushes 8, 8 'of the two installations 7, 1' are not exactly opposite each other. Moreover, it may be advantageous to place the brushes 8, 8 'crossed in order to improve the continuous character of brushing, despite the distances that may exist between the hairs of two successive brushes in the same installation.
    On the top view of figure 3, two installations 7, 7 'are placed above each other and act on Deide sides 4a, 4b of a mat 4 which is placed between the two conveyor belts 5, 6. This is limiting for the present invention. Namely, it is possible to combine a succession of an installation or of two installations placed one above the other during the movement of the mat 4 in the direction of the arrow F, the elemental brushes of each of the groups showing differences in structure or operation specifically with regard to the flexibility of the hairs, the density of the hairs or the speed of movement of the brushes, depending on the desired result. By way of example, a single lower installation may be provided with a substantially continuous sequence of elemental brushes equipped with single plastic bristles and different upper installations of shorter length opposite the lower installation, the aforementioned upper installations being basic include brushes equipped with hairs of different types, and the first upper installation is equipped solely with metal pins and the other upper installation or installations with single plastic wires.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    Machine (1) for processing by brushing a mat (4) of stems (2) of fibrous plants, specifically of flax, comprising means (5, 6) for clamping and displacing the mat (4) and a brushing means positioned so that the entire mat or part thereof is brushed approximately transversely from the clamped portion to the free end (2a) of the stems (2), the brushing means comprising at least a group (7) of elemental brushes (8) mounted on a continuous element that moves substantially in the transverse direction (G) relative to the longitudinal direction (F) of the mat (4), said continuous element comprising a band (11) is stretched over at least two cable discs (12), characterized in that: a) each elementary brush (8) comprises a flat holder (10) in which at least one type of hair (9) is arranged, the flat holders (10) of all elemental brushes (8) possibly on a largely do mounted in a corresponding manner. b) each elemental brush (8) is fixed on this belt by fastening means (14), which are preferably removable, which are suitable for holding the flat holders (10) tangentially against the belt when it passes over the cable disks (12) .
    [2]
    A machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hairs (9) are implanted in bundles in the flat holders.
    [3]
    Machine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the continuous element is equipped with different types of hair, which are specifically distinguished by their structure and / or composition and / or stiffness, for example single plastic hairs and metal pins.
    [4]
    Machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hairs (9) and / or the bundles of hairs are bent backwards with respect to the direction (6) of brushing.
    [5]
    Machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flat holder (10) of each elemental brush (8) is a rigid block, in particular of plastic and in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped.
    [6]
    A machine according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the attachment of the strap (11) is done along a line (24) that is approximately the center line of each flat holder (10) and that the diameter of each cable disc and the length of each block must be determined so that at least 4 blocks are distributed over the semi-circular portion of the tape when it passes on the cable disc (12).
    [7]
    A machine according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, if V0 is the speed of movement of the mat (4) and VI, the speed of movement of the elemental brushes (8), L0 is the length of an elemental brush and L1 is the average brush length of the stems, the ratio then is: V1> V0.L1 / L0
    [8]
    A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the brushing means comprise at least two installations (7, 7 ') of elemental brushes (8, 8') placed opposite each other so that the same mat (4) is applied to both at the same time sides (4a, 4b) is brushed.
    [9]
    A machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the two installations (7, 7 ') of elemental brushes (8, 8') are mounted on two frames, wherein there are adjusting means for controlling the distance between the two frames.
    [10]
    A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises different installations (7) of elemental brushes that are successively positioned along the longitudinal displacement of the mat (4), these installations showing differences in structure or the operation is concerned.
    [11]
    A machine according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a single lower installation composed of an approximately continuous sequence of elemental brushes equipped with single plastic bristles and different upper installations of shorter length opposite the lower installation , wherein these upper installations comprise elemental brushes equipped with bristles of different types, in particular the first upper installation being exclusively equipped with metal pins and the other upper installation or installations being equipped with single plastic wires.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BE1017993A3|2010-03-02|PROCESSING MACHINE FOR BRUSHING A MAT OF STEMS OF FIBERY PLANTS, mainly FLAX.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2903124B1|2008-11-14|
    FR2903124A1|2008-01-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB109489A|
    FR369057A|1906-08-20|1906-12-28|Imp Fibres Syndicate Ltd|Machine for husking, scutching and, at will, combing ramie, hemp or other fibrous material|
    GB484485A|1936-11-05|1938-05-05|Eugene Victor Hayes Gratze|A new or improved machine for decorticating and softening vegetable fibres|
    DE672564C|1937-11-19|1939-02-22|Carl Hamel Akt Ges|Scraper device for pre-broken bast fiber material|
    BE747566R|1970-03-18|1970-08-31|Geeraert Jacques Achille|Flax fibre processing device|
    US1959757A|1930-09-20|1934-05-22|Fabricord Inc|Method of cleaning fibers|
    FR2676754B1|1991-05-22|1994-12-09|Cbm Sa|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT BY BRUSHING OF A TABLE OF RODS OF FIBER PLANTS, ESPECIALLY LINEN.|
    FR2707674A3|1993-04-02|1995-01-20|Neubourg Ste Coop Agric Teilla|Apparatus for extracting the seed cases of flax|IT1396855B1|2008-07-31|2012-12-20|Artes S R L|MACHINE, PROCEDURE AND COMBINED SYSTEM FOR THE SEPARATION OF FIBERS FOR TEXTILE USE FROM VERMENE MACERATE OF PLANTS FROM FIBER.|
    法律状态:
    2021-04-19| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20200630 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR0605893A|FR2903124B1|2006-06-29|2006-06-29|DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT BY SCRAPING OF A TABLE OF RODS OF FIBER PLANTS, IN PARTICULAR LIN|
    FR0605893|2006-06-29|
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